NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics Chapter 9 – A Shirt in the Market

Swapna borrowed ₹ 2,500 at high interest from the local trader. The amount was borrowed in order to buy seeds, fertilisers and pesticides for cultivation. The other condition that Swapna had to agree to was that she would sell all her cotton to him instead.

The conditions of employment in the garment exporting factory are as follows:

I. Workers are employed on a temporary basis, which means that they can be dismissed as soon as the work is done or whenever the employer has no need of them.

II. They are under pressure to produce quality products in a limited time-frame

III. They are forced to work for long hours under extreme conditions

No, the workers don’t get a fair deal as they are paid very less for the work they do, in addition to being exploited by their employer. There is no job security as they can be asked to leave at a moment’s notice.

The chain of markets for milk production is as follows:

(i) Dairy cooperatives purchase milk from dairy farmers at different locations.

(ii) The milk is then transported to the factories run by the dairy cooperatives.

(iii) The milk is then pasteurised and packed in containers.

(iv) The packed milk containers are then given to traders working with the cooperatives, who transport them to locations where wholesale dealers will purchase them.

(v) Retailers then purchase the milk from the wholesalers, who then sell the packed milk at booths spread across the city.

a. Swapna sells the cotton to the trader.

b. The trader sells cotton to the Ginning Mill.

c. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into bales.

d. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealer.

e. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.

f. Weavers return with the cloth.

g. Garment exporters buy the cloth from the merchants for making shirts.

h. The exporter sells shirts to the businessperson from the USA.

i. Customers buy these shirts in a supermarket.