NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Chapter3 : Emerging Trends

IOT is  Internet of Things which is related to things like objects which we will use daily. And WoT is Web of Things which is responsible for connecting those IOT things to the web and communicating with the help of various devices like sensors.

 

• Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is used for performing Online Coding.

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is a web service. Ex. Amazon web service

• Software as a Service (SaaS) – SaaS is web based software. Ex . Google map

 

On-demand service is like a gate and drop service.  Whenever the customer requires cloud service for a particular time he or she can purchase it and whenever the task is completed, he or she can drop the service. On demand service provides services to the customer or client according to their needs. Example: If a company XYZ wants a service for a particular project and for a particular time only. At that time they would purchase  this service and drop out after the completion of the project.

 

Internet of things is related to humans, objects, things, animals, car, door, etc. All things, objects, or living things are immersed with a sensor, software, hardware or network for exchanging data between other devices via the same network. With the help of IOT now we can convert all our daily appliances to smart appliances.

List some of its potential applications:

• Health care (patient monitoring system, hand sanitizations)

• Industry (Facility management, quality control)

• Domestic appliances (Automatic power off/on control , door locker)

• Agriculture (smart farm by using IOT sensor)

• Transportation (Vehicle tracking)

 

a) Cloud computing:

Cloud computing is a service which is used to send data over the internet or cloud.

Simply, cloud is a service provider. There are so many companies providing Cloud Services like Google Cloud. Some of them provide free service and some are paid. We can also store the data in our cloud.

Basically, the internet and cloud are somewhat same. There are three types of cloud services are there:

• SaaS: Software as a service provides services via the internet for distribution. With the help of Saas an independent one can interact with the other clients to administrate the application.

• Paas: With the help of Platform as a service we are able to perform developing running, debugging like coding operations. Paas is generally used for online coding.

• Iaas: Infrastructure as service provides a web service throughout the internet . Example: Amazon web service

b) Big data and its Characteristics:
As the name suggests it is about huge data manipulation including both structured and unstructured. By using big data we can increase the quality of data, optimize the data, and manipulate data easily. We know that, today, we are all exchanging data through mobile via the internet. In result, the large volume of data is generated and it may be critical also. This data is known as big data. The unstructured data like social media posts, chat massages, images, etc. with big volume are very fluently managed by the specialized tools of big data.
Following are the characteristics of big data:

1) Volume: We know that the big data itself is huge in size. Volume of a big data is related with the size of data
2) Velocity: The velocity of big data is directly related with how much data is created And getting structured in a stroke from different sources.
3) Variety: When we browse, search or do internet surfing. At that we are dealing with different types of data like music, images, text, videos etc.  Some of them are structured, semi structured or unstructured. Big data can be used daily with different types of verities of data.
4) Veracity: It is defined as the correctness of data. The data which will be stored, must be meaningful. Because interpreting incorrect data may cause wrong results.

 

Cloud service applies charges only for service no for storage and resource. Once we purchase any service, it will be for a lifetime. And we can store a large amount of data into it. Infrastructure as a service is the best service for a startup plan.

 

a) Artificial Intelligence:

In general terms, AI is defined as to make a machine smart as it can do the task better than humans. AI means to put human intelligence into a machine. Ai works like a human being. We have to train our machine with information and knowledge. And machines also learnt from them. As well as from its past experience. As named suggest, we have to put intelligent artificially into the machine
Here are the some example of AI:

• Siri

• Google voice

• Alexa,Etc

b) Machine Learning

Machine learning is a part or application of artificial intelligence. Machine learning provides the ability to teach, learn, and expertise the machine without any human efforts. Four basic steps are there for building a machine learning application:

1. Select and prepare :

Firstly, we have to prepare a training dataset with respective data for a particular machine learning model.

2. Choose an algorithm:

Then we have to choose an appropriate algorithm. It tells how our machine learning model processes our model flow. There are two types of algorithms: Labeled and unlabeled

3. Training:

It is all about the checking, running, comparing and adjusting a result with the required output.

4. Improving the model:

The last step is improving the quality, correctness, efficiency of a model with respect to time and size.

 

 

 

 

While working on the internet or  any system,  we create different types of files and folders, etc.  This data is stored in our local hard disk. But nowadays the volume of data is increasing  day by day. At the time our local hard disks and a primary storage is not sufficient for storage. And when you go to purchase external memory or external disk for storing data, it requires a lot of money. When this type of situation occurs, to overcome the situation we can use cloud computing.  In cloud computing we have to just purchase a service not storage. So it will be more effective than previous. In cloud computing we just need internet service and revenant data. Hence storage data is cost effective and time saving in cloud computing.

 

1. a) Government provided cloud computing platform : MeghRaj is cloud service which is provided by the government.

2. b) Large scale private cloud service providers and the services they provide : the most commonly large scale private cloud platform is AWS. Amazon Web Service is Iaas (Infrastructure as a service) cloud platform

 

“Infrastructure as a service” provides a platform for deploying and running customized applications. 

 

As you are aware in blockchain technology, a separate ledger is created for individuals and stored so that transparency and efficiency automatically improve. The students can avail of the scholarship in their ledger only. The transactions are also more authentic.

e-textbooks : By using IOT we can make digital books for students to get access from anytime and anywhere.

Smart boards: With the help of IOT we can make a school board work like a tablet. Instead of chalk we can use wireless pen and our hand as a duster.

Online Tests: We can take tests virtually. And observe the student via camera and facial   We can also check the answer digitally.

Wifi sensors on classrooms doors: With the help of IOT we can make our door smart. For example, whenever the student enters the classroom, automatically his/her attendance is noted.

Sensors in buses to monitor their location: for the safety purpose of students can track the student via GPS sensor which is monitored by their parents. Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring: with the help of wireless sensors, we can track the attendance of students through their watches. Whenever the student enters the classroom the attendance will get marked.