NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds
At Orchids International School, we realise how hard it is to get the basics right in science. The whole deal lies within class 10. Chapter 4, "Carbon and Its Compounds," is one key topic that one needs to take care of in this regard. This chapter caters to the study of carbon—an element whose absence makes life on Earth quite unimaginable. These NCERT solutions for Class 10 Science, Chapter 4, help students make studying easy and learn complex chemical reactions of carbon compounds through clear and to-the-point explanations. The solution makes learning quite approachable and is available in free PDF format to help students study effectively at one's pace. Enrich your knowledge about the world of Carbon and Its Compounds through Orchids International School and, based on that, build with confidence for exams and beyond.
Download PDF For NCERT Solutions for Science Carbon And Its Compounds
The NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds are tailored to help the students master the concepts that are key to success in their classrooms. The solutions given in the PDF are developed by experts and correlate with the CBSE syllabus of 2023-2024. These solutions provide thorough explanations with a step-by-step approach to solving problems. Students can easily get a hold of the subject and learn the basics with a deeper understanding. Additionally, they can practice better, be confident, and perform well in their examinations with the support of this PDF.
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Access Answers to NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds
Students can access the NCERT Solutions for Chapter 4 Science Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds. Curated by experts according to the CBSE syllabus for 2023–2024, these step-by-step solutions make Science much easier to understand and learn for the students. These solutions can be used in practice by students to attain skills in solving problems, reinforce important learning objectives, and be well-prepared for tests.
Intext Exercise 1
What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2?
Cross dot structure of CO2 is
What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? (Hint – The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring.)
Dot structure of a S8 molecule:
Intext Exercise 2
How many structural isomers possible for pentane?
Three structural isomers for pentane.
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
(ii) CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3
(iii) C(CH3)4
What are the two properties of carbon to form a large number of compounds?
The two properties of carbon to form a large number of compounds are:
(i) Catenation − It is the ability to form a bond with itself. It is the self-linking ability.
(ii) Tetravalency − Carbon can make only four bonds. That arrangement of the atoms is
known as tertravalency.
What will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
The formula for cyclopentane is C5H10.
Draw the structures for the following compounds.
(i) Ethanoic acid
(ii) Bromopentane
(iii) Hexanal
(iv) Butanone
(i) Ethanoic acid
(ii) CH3CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3
(iii) Hexanal
(iv) Butanone
Write the name of the following compounds.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i) Bromoethane
(ii) Methanal
(iii) Hexyne
Intext Exercise 3
Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?
The conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid by the addition of oxygen to ethanol. it is an oxidation reaction.
C2H5OH→[O] CH3COOH
A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
When ethyne is burnt in the air, it gives a sooty flame due to its unsaturation nature. if ethyne is burnt with oxygen, it gives a clear flame at a temperature of 2500°C because of complete combustion. Oxy-acetylene flame is used for welding. It is difficult to attain this much high temperature without mixing oxygen that's why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used.
Intext Exercise 4
Distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and carboxylic acid.
When alcohol and carboxylic acid react with carbonates and bicarbonates, only carboxylic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates, evolving the CO2 gas that turns lime water milky.
What are oxidising agents?
An oxidizing agent is a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. For example: Alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and acidified potassium dichromate(K2Cr2O7)
Intext Exercise 5
Would you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?
Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain hydrocarbons. Hard water contains the chloride and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to the hard water forms less lather so some amount of salt is unused. This insoluble salt is known as scum. Detergent will give a good amount of lather in hard water as well as soft water. we can't identify through this that water is hard or soft.
People use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they ‘beat’ the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?
Soap contains the two parts. One part is hydrophilic and other part is hydrophobic. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. When the dirty clothes dip in the soap solution. the hydrophobic ends attach the dirt and form a huge cluster. This cluster is known as micelle and traps the dirt.
NCERT Exercises
What is the functional group in the Butanone?
(a) Ketone
(b) aldehyde.
(c) Ether
(d) alcohol.
(a) Ketone
What change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?
Soap is basic in nature so red litmus turns blue but blue litmus remains the same.
Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.
Cooking oil is unsaturated fats but the butter is saturated. By hydrogenation, oil will reacts but butter will not reacts.
How many covalent bonds are in C2H6?
(a) 6 covalent bonds.
(b) 8 covalent bonds.
(c) 7 covalent bonds.
(d) 5 covalent bonds.
(c) 7 covalent bonds.
When the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside while cooking, it shows that
(a) the food is cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) the food is not cooked.
(d) the fuel is burning completely.
(b) The bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, then it means that the fuel is not burnt completely.
Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
Carbon is tetravalent in nature. In the outermost shell, carbon has four electrons removal of these electrons needs more energy, and gaining the four electrons needs more energy. To complete the octet, carbon needs to share the four electrons with other carbon atoms or different atoms. Carbon forms one bond with chlorine and three bonds with hydrogen.
Draw the cross dot structures of the following compounds.
(a) Ethanoic acid.
(b) H2S.
(c) Propanone.
(d) F2.
(a) Ethanoic acid.
(b) H2S
(c) Propanone
(d) F2
What is a homologous series? Explain with an example.
A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have same chemical properties but different physical properties and the differences between two successive compounds is -CH2.
For example: Alkanes family. The general formula of Alkane is CnH2n+2.
Methane CH4
Ethane CH3CH3
Propane CH3CH2CH3
Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3
How can ethanol and ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?
Physical properties:
The melting point of ethanol is -114.1 °C and ethanoic acid is 16.6 °C. Ethanoic acid melting point is below the room temperature it freezes during winters. Ethanol is liquid at room temperature but ethanoic acid is solid at room temperature. Ethanol has pleasant smell and ethanoic acid is vinegar smell.
Chemical Properties:
Ethanol is alcohol and ethanoic acid is carboxylic acid. When alcohol and carboxylic acid
reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates than only carboxlylic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates and evolve the CO2 gas that turns lime water milky.
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
In the electrolytic refining of a metal M, what would you take as the anode, the cathode and the electrolyte?
In the electrolytic refining of a metal M:
Anode → Impure metal M
Cathode → Pure metal M
Electrolyte → Solution of salt of the metal M
Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
When the saturated carbon compounds burnt with air form a carbon dioxide, water with lot of energy and light. In this reaction, no smoke will produce so less pollution. It is exothermic process. It is used as fuels because high calorific value.
Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. Hard water contains the chloride and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. When soap is added to the hard water form less lather so some amount of salt is unused. This insoluble salt is known as scum.
What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
The addition of hydrogen on the unsaturated compounds are known as hydrogenation. It is a addition reaction in the presence of Ni/Pt/Pd as catalyst. Unsaturated compounds convert into the saturated compounds. Through this process, the vegetable oil is converted into ghee.
Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions:
C2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2 and CH4.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions. The unsaturated hydrocarbons General formula is CnH2n-2 or CnH2n. In the given compounds C3H6 and C2H2 undergo addition reactions while C2H6, C2H8 and CH4 are saturated hydrocarbon.
Explain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
Cleansing action of soaps:
Soap contains two parts. One part is hydrophilic and other part is hydrophobic. Soaps are the sodium or potassium salt of long chain of carboxylic acid. When the dirty clothes dip in the soap solution. The hydrophobic ends attach the dirt and form a big cluster. This cluster is known as micelle and traps the dirt.
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