Basic Math Symbols

+

Plus

Indicates addition or a positive quantity.

-

Minus

Denotes subtraction or a negative quantity.

× or *

Multiplication

Represents multiplication of numbers or variables.

÷ or /

Division

Denotes division or the quotient of two numbers.

=

Equals

States equality between two expressions or values.

<

Less Than

Shows that one value is smaller than another.

>

Greater Than

Shows that one value is larger than another.

≤

Less Than or Equal to

Denotes that a value is less than or equal to another.

≥

Greater Than or Equal to

Denotes that a value is greater than or equal to another.

π

Pi

Represents the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

√

Square Root

Represents the root of a number.

∞

Infinity

Represents a quantity larger than any finite number.

%

Percent

Denotes a fraction of 100.

!

Factorial

Represents the product of an integer and all the integers below it down to 1.

∑

Summation

Denotes the sum of a sequence of numbers.

∫

Integral

Represents the integral of a function.

°

Degree

Indicates measurement in degrees.

( )

Parentheses

Used to denote order of operations or grouping.

^

Exponentiation

Denotes raising a number to a power.

∛

Cube Root

Represents the cube root of a number.

∜

Fourth Root

Represents the fourth root of a number.

±

Plus or Minus

Represents two possible values: positive and negative.

∠

Angle

Denotes an angle between two lines or sides of a polygon.

∆

Delta

Represents a change or difference in a quantity.

≈

Approximately Equal to

Indicates that two values are approximately equal.

≡

Congruent to

Denotes that two figures or values are congruent or equal.

⊥

Perpendicular to

Indicates that two lines are perpendicular.

∥

Parallel to

Denotes that two lines are parallel.

∩

Intersection

Represents the intersection of sets or regions.

∪

Union

Represents the union of sets or regions.

⊆

Subset

Denotes that one set is a subset of another.

⊇

Superset

Denotes that one set is a superset of another.

∴

Therefore

Indicates a conclusion or inference.

∵

Because

Indicates a reason or cause.

~

Similar to

Denotes similarity between two figures.

∀

For All

Represents "for all" in mathematical logic.

∃

Exists

Represents "there exists" in mathematical logic.

∞

Infinity

Represents an infinitely large quantity.

∇

Nabla / Gradient

Represents the gradient or vector differential operator.

⊗

Tensor Product

Represents the tensor product of vector spaces.

⊕

Direct Sum

Denotes the direct sum of vector spaces.

∈

Element of

Denotes that an element belongs to a set.

∉

Not an Element of

Denotes that an element does not belong to a set.

ℵ

Aleph

Represents the cardinality of infinite sets.

a^b

Exponentiation

Denotes raising 'a' to the power of 'b'.

a√b

nth Root

Represents the nth root of 'b'.

mod

Modulo

Represents the remainder after division.

ab

Absolute Value

Denotes the magnitude of a real number without its sign.

±

Plus/Minus

Indicates two possible values: positive and negative.

%

Percent

Denotes a fraction of 100.

‰

Per Mille

Denotes a fraction of 1000.

ppm

Parts Per Million

Denotes one part in a million.

ppb

Parts Per Billion

Denotes one part in a billion.

ppt

Parts Per Trillion

Denotes one part in a trillion.