Multiplication

Multiplication is an arithmetic process. Here students will learn about multiplication sums and multiplication rules.

In this learning concept, the students will also learn to

• Classify the properties of multiplication.
• Evaluate by grid method multiplication.
• Identify 3-digit by 2-digit multiplication, multiplication terms.

Each concept is explained to class 4 maths students using illustrations, examples, and mind maps. Students can assess their learning by solving the two printable worksheets given at the page’s end.

Download the multiplication worksheet for class 4 and check the solutions to the multiplication sums for class 4 provided in PDF format.

What Is Multiplication?

Multiplication: Repeated addition is to add equal groups or the same number over and over. Multiplication is the repetitive addition.

 

Multiplicand: The number that is to be multiplied is called the multiplicand.

Multiplier: The number with which we multiply is called the multiplier.

Product: The number that is obtained as the result of multiplication is called the product.

 

Grid Method Multiplication:

• Grid method is the method to multiply the number by portioning it into simpler place value.
• It is also known as box method.

 

Multiplication Rules of 3-digit and 1-digit numbers using the grid method

Step 1: Expand the first number as hundreds, tens, and ones within the grid.
Step 2: Multiply each digit of the first number by the second number. Write all the products within the grid.
Step 3: Add all the obtained product outside the grid.

Example:

Multiply 346 by 6 using the grid method.

Solution:

Therefore, 346 × 6 = 2076.

 

2- Digit Multiplication using the grid method

Step 1: Expand the first number as tens and ones within the grid.
Step 2: Expand the second number as tens and ones within the grid.
Step 3: Multiply each digit of the first number by each digit second number. Write all the products within the grid.
Step 4: Add all the obtained product outside the grid.

Example:

Multiply 28 by 24 using the grid method.

Solution:

Therefore, 24 × 28 = 672.

 

Multiplication Rules of 3 or 4-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit Number:

Step 1: Write the multiplicand on the top
Step 2: Write the multiplier below it.
Step 3: Multiply each digit of the multiplicand by the multiplier starting from the extreme right.
Step 4: Write the product below the horizontal line. If the product is more than 9 then carry the ten digits to the next column.

Example:

Multiply 354 by 7.

Solution:

 

3-Digit by 2-Digit Multiplication:

Step 1: Write the multiplicand on the top.
Step 2: Write the multiplier below it.
Step 3: Multiply the unit digit of the multiplier by each digit of the multiplicand. If the product is more than 9 then carry the ten digits to the next column.
Step 4: Write the product below the horizontal line.
Step 5: Place a 0 below the last digit of the obtained productMultiply the tens digit of the multiplier by each digit of the multiplicand. If the product is more than 9 then carry the ten digits to the next column.
Step 6: Multiply the tens digit of the multiplier by each digit of the multiplicand. If the product is more than 9 then carry the ten digits to the next column.
Step 7: Add both the obtained products.

Example:

Multiply 213 by 27.

Solution:

Write 213 on the top and 27 below it.

 

Properties of Multiplication:

1. If a number is multiplied by 0 then the product is 0.

   Example:

   
2. If a number is multiplied by 1 then the product is the number itself.

   Example:

   
3. If the number “a” is multiplied by the number “b” then the product is same as the number “b” multiplied by the number “a”.

   Example: