Class 12 Economics covers a wide range of topics and advanced information on the subject, including all of the questions from the CBSE Economics Syllabus. Economics is concerned with how governments, businesses, households, society, and people decide when, where, and how to best utilize their natural resources. It's a research project that examines a variety of abstract and ideal blueprints in order to predict how institutions would respond to changes in fiscal policies and market conditions, among other things.
CBSE Class 12 Hindi Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus |
TERM 1 - MCQ BASED QUESTION PAPER Theory: 40 Marks Time: 90 minutes |
Marks |
Periods |
---|---|---|
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics |
||
|
6 |
8 |
|
6 |
15 |
|
6 |
7 |
Sub Total |
18 |
30 |
Part B: Indian Economic Development |
||
|
12 |
28 |
|
10 |
17 |
Sub Total |
22 |
45 |
Total |
40 |
75 |
Project Work (Part 1): 10 Marks |
Money – meaning and supply of money – Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
Money creation by the commercial banking system.
Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker’s Bank.
Government budget – meaning, objectives and components.
Classification of receipts – revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Measures of government deficit – revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.
Balance of payments account – meaning and components; balance of payments deficit meaning.
Foreign exchange rate – meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetization and GST
Poverty- absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment.
Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development.
Rural development: Key issues – credit and marketing – role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification.
TERM 2 - SUBJECTIVE QUESTION PAPER Theory: 40 Marks Time: 2 Hours |
Marks |
Periods |
---|---|---|
Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics |
||
|
10 |
23 |
|
12 |
22 |
Sub Total |
22 |
45 |
Part B: Indian Economic Development |
||
|
12 |
18 |
|
06 |
12 |
Sub Total |
18 |
30 |
Total |
40 |
75 |
Project Work: 10 Marks |
What is Macroeconomics?
Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income –
Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income:
Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) – at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.
GDP and Welfare
Aggregate demand and its components.
Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them – changes in government spending, taxes and money supply through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.
Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Health: Problems and Policies – A critical assessment.
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming
A comparison with neighbours
India and Pakistan
India and China
Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human
Development Indicators
Prescribed Books:
1. Statistics for Economics, NCERT
2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT
3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT
4. Macroeconomics, NCERT
5. Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE
Guidelines for Project Work in Economics (Class XII)
The objectives of the project work are to enable learners to:
probe deeper into theoretical concepts learnt in classes XI and XII
analyse and evaluate real world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and arguments
demonstrate the learning of economic theory
follow up aspects of economics in which learners have interest
develop the communication skills to argue logically
help each learner select the topic based on recently published extracts from the news media, government policies, RBI bulletin, NITI Aayog reports, IMF/World Bank reports etc., after detailed discussions and deliberations of the topic
play the role of a facilitator and supervisor to monitor the project work of the learner through periodic discussions
guide the research work in terms of sources for the relevant data
educate learner about plagiarism and the importance of quoting the source of the information to ensure authenticity of research work
prepare the learner for the presentation of the project work
arrange a presentation of the project file
Introduction of topic/title
Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of research
Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and for presentation in the project file
Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section, bibliography etc.
Project Work has broadly the following phases: Synopsis/ Initiation, Data Collection, Data Analysis and Interpretation, Conclusion.
The aspects of the project work to be covered by students can be assessed during the two terms.
20 marks assigned for Project Work can be divided in to two terms.
At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the Research Work/ Project File of the learner. The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study submitted by the learner is his/her own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity should be checked and verified.
The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term I in the following manner:
Month |
Periodic Work |
Assessment Rubrics |
Marks |
---|---|---|---|
1-3 July- September |
Instructions about Project Guidelines, Background reading Discussions on Theme and Selection of the Final Topic, Initiation/ Synopsis |
Introduction, Statement of Purpose/Need and Objective of the Study, Hypothesis/Research Question, Review of Literature, Presentation of Evidence, Key Words, Methodology, Questionnaire, Data Collection. |
5 |
4-5 October- November |
Planning and organisation: forming an action plan, feasibility or baseline study, Updating/modifying the action plan, Data Collection |
Significance and relevance of the topic; challenges encountered while conducting the research. |
5 |
October- November |
Mid-term Assessment by internal examiner |
10 |
The teacher will assess the progress of the project work in the term II in the following manner:
Month |
Periodic Work |
Assessment Rubrics |
Marks |
---|---|---|---|
6-7 December- January |
Content/data analysis and interpretation. Conclusion, Limitations, Suggestions, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation of the project. |
Content analysis and its relevance in the current scenario. Conclusion, Limitations, Bibliography, Annexures and Overall Presentation. |
5 |
8 January/ February |
Final Assessment and VIVA by both Internal and External Examiners |
External/ Internal Viva based on the project |
5 |
TOTAL |
10 |
Micro and Small Scale Industries
Food Supply Channel in India
Contemporary Employment situation in India
Disinvestment policy of the government
Goods and Services Tax Act and its Impact on GDP
Health Expenditure (of any state)
Human Development Index
Inclusive Growth Strategy
Self-help group
Trends in Credit availability in India
Monetary policy committee and its functions
Role of RBI in Control of Credit
Government Budget & its Components
Trends in budgetary condition of India
Exchange Rate determination – Methods and Techniques
Currency War – reasons and repercussions
Livestock – Backbone of Rural India
Alternate fuel – types and importance
Sarwa Siksha Abhiyan – Cost Ratio Benefits
Golden Quadrilateral- Cost ratio benefit
Minimum Support Prices x Relation between Stock Price Index and Economic Health of Nation
Waste Management in India – Need of the hour
Minimum Wage Rate – approach and Application
Digital India- Step towards the future
Rain Water Harvesting – a solution to water crises
Vertical Farming – an alternate way
Silk Route- Revival of the past
Make in India – The way ahead
Bumper Production- Boon or Bane for the farmer
Rise of Concrete Jungle- Trend Analysis
Organic Farming – Back to the Nature
Any other newspaper article and its evaluation on basis of economic principles
Any other topic
There are 8 chapters in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus for Economics.
You can get the free PDF for CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Economics on the website of Orchids International School.
To prepare for the Class 12 Economics exam effectively, learn the key concepts given in the syllabus. Additionally, practice each question given in the textbook and revise the topics thoroughly.
Some of the good resources for studying Class 12 Economics are NCERT textbooks, worksheets, and practice materials from some reputed schools like the Orchids International School.
The concepts covered in the CBSE Class 12 syllabus are very basic which helps students to understand the fundamentals and lay a solid foundation for higher classes.
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