CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry 2024-2025

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

The subject Chemistry is one of the core subjects for class XII. It is the study of matter at its fundamental level and deals with the nature of matter and how it reacts in certain situations. The topics covered during the academic year of 2024-2025 in the syllabus of chemistry are in two formats : theoretical and practical. The theory part can be divided into three sub-categories :  inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. The syllabus takes you through the intricacies of the subject matter. The detailed cbse syllabus as well as the curriculum and weightage distribution is given below. 

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus for Other Subjects

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus

Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus

NCERT Books

1. Chemistry Part I for Class XII

2. Chemistry Part II for Class XII

Theory
Term I

Solid State:

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects.

Solutions: 

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties.

p Block Elements: 

Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds of Nitrogen: preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid.

Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: preparation, properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: preparation properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).

Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures only).

Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: 

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions.

Haloarenes: Nature of C–X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only).

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Biomolecules: 

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration

Proteins -Elementary idea of - amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins - primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins.

Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Term II

Electrochemistry: 

Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis.

Chemical Kinetics: 

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions).

Surface Chemistry: 

Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic, multi-molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.

d and f-Block Elements: 

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.

Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences.

Coordination Compounds: 

Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner's theory, VBT, and CFT.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: 

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.

Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Amines: 

Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

Practicals
Term I

(1) Volumetric analysis (4 marks)

Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:

i.        Oxalic acid,

ii.        Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

(2) Salt analysis (Qualitative analysis) (4 marks)

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cations-  Pb2+, Cu2+,  As3+, Al3+,  Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+,  Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,  NH4+ Anions – (CO3)2- , S2- , NO2 - , SO3 2- , SO42- , NO3-, Cl- , Br- , I- , PO4 3- , C2O4 2- ,CH3COO- (Note:

Insoluble salts excluded)

(3) Content Based Experiments (2 marks)

A. Chromatography

i. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography and determination of Rf values.

ii.Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only (constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).

B. Characteristic tests of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their detection in given foodstuffs.

Term II

(1) Volumetric analysis (4 marks)

Determination of concentration/ molarity of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of:

i. Oxalic acid,

ii. Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate

(Students will be required to prepare standard solutions by weighing themselves).

(2) Salt analysis (Qualitative analysis) (4 marks)

Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.

Cations-  Pb2+, Cu2+,  As3+, Al3+,  Fe3+, Mn2+, Ni2+,  Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+,  NH4+ Anions – (CO3)2- , S2- , NO2 - , SO3 2- , SO42- , NO3-, Cl- , Br- , I- , PO4 3- , C2O4 2- ,CH3COO- (Note:

Insoluble salts excluded)

3) Content-based experiment

A. Preparation of Inorganic Compounds

Preparation of double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate or Potash Alum. Preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate.

B. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:

Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (Primary) groups.

Curriculum and Weightage
Term I
Theory

Practicals 

Term II
Theory

Practicals