CBSE Syllabus for class-12
2024-2025

The CBSE Syllabus Class 12 has been designed to ensure that children receive adequate exposure to all key subjects in preparation for college and competitive examinations. 

Physics in itself involves problem-solving and experimental skills, ranging from the more complicated topics of electromagnetic waves, optics, and current physics. Chemistry covers the study of chemical kinetics, equilibrium, and reaction studies, apart from physical, organic, and inorganic chemistry. Mathematics will involve problem-solving and analytical skills through calculus, algebra, and statistics. 

Biology is the study of higher-order biology concepts based on human physiology, evolution, ecology, and genetics. English covers a wide range of literature to improve aptitude in literary analysis, understanding, and communication. 

Economics deals with theories, concepts, and applications in economics, both from a macroeconomic and microeconomic point of view. Hindi includes learning composition, grammar, and literature for the purpose of achieving greater language proficiency and appreciation of Hindi literature.

The aim of the syllabus is a well-rounded academic development by establishing a sound foundation in every subject concerned.

Subjectwise Links to CBSE Class 12 Syllabus

English 

The CBSE Syllabus English Class 12 focuses more on advanced subjects of language and literature. It incorporates detailed analysis in prose, poetry, and theatre skills, developing critical thinking and an appreciation for literature. It also focuses on the writing, understanding, and communication power of students in order to prepare them for eventual success both in class and at work.         

Maths 

Advanced topics that are within the CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus include calculus, algebra, vectors, and probability. A greater depth on mathematical modeling, analytical thinking, and problem-solving is taught to the students. Integrals, differential equations, matrices, and linear programming are some of the important topics. This course outline will prepare the students for higher studies in mathematics and engineering and related courses.

Hindi 

The CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Hindi is specially designed to enhance the linguistic skill and appreciation of literature among students. It deals with the study of prose, poetry, and essays from traditional and contemporary Hindi literature. The syllabus gives enough weight to grammar, comprehension skills, and creative writing for advanced language use and cultural knowledge.

Physics 

Quantum mechanics, contemporary physics, electromagnetic, and optics are the most advanced subjects that will be included in the CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus. It gives great significance to experimental skills, applications of mathematics, and conceptual understanding. The detailed syllabus covers lengthy topics such as electric circuits, wave optics, and atomic models in depth so as to prepare the students for postsecondary education in science and engineering courses. 

Chemistry 

The CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Chemistry covers advanced concepts in physical organic and inorganic chemistry. It covers coordination compounds, biomolecules, electrochemistry, and chemical kinetics. With a view to equipping students with more advanced studies in chemistry, medicine, and other allied courses, emphasis is given to reaction processes, molecular structures, and useful laboratory skills.

Biology 

The major developments that the CBSE Class 12 Biology course covers are structures of inheritance, evolution, strategies, and ecology. It deals with diseases, human health, and environmental issues. There is enough emphasis on the course syllabus to understand biological processes, practical sessions, and applications in applied aspects for students aiming at a biological sciences career and medicine.

Economics 

CBSE Class 12 Economics is divided into two parts: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. While microeconomics deals with market systems, supply, and demand concerning the individual economic units, macroeconomics deals with overall aspects of economy as a whole, taking into consideration government policies, inflation, and national income. The course gives more emphasis to the usage of economic theory together with analytical skills.

Breakdown of The CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25

A detailed breakdown of the CBSE class 12 syllabus for English, Maths, Hindi, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Economics is given below. 

CBSE Class 12 English Syllabus Breakdown:

The CBSE Syllabus Class 12 English is divided into two sections: Core English and Elective English.

Core English has two main textbooks; Flamingo: a collection of prose and poetry; and Vistas: an additional reader containing short stories. These texts are designed to enhance linguistic ability, critical thinking, and an appreciation for literature. Apart from grammar exercises at an advanced level, sections on writing skills extending from essays to reports and formal letters form part of the course. 

Elective English, on the other hand, gives a more elaborate explanation of literature, covering drama, novels, and further poetry. It incorporates higher-level reading, creative writing, and critical review of literature. The aims of both courses are geared toward enhancing the ability to communicate effectively and instilling an appreciation for reading, thus better-preparing students for higher education and job opportunities.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 English Flamingo Prose Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 English Flamingo Poem Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 English Vistas Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Syllabus Breakdown:

This CBSE Class 12 Hindi has two parts: one is Core Hindi, and another is Elective Hindi.

Core Hindi is taught through two main textbooks, Aroh, which includes prose, poetry, and essays ranging from classical to modern Hindi literature, and Vitan, a supplementary reader with memoirs and short tales. These works are set to enhance language proficiency, cultural awareness, and appreciation of literature. 

Elective Hindi covers Hindi literature in more depth by incorporating additional works such as plays, novels, and critical essays. Emphasis is placed on reading comprehension, creative writing, and higher level literary analysis. Both courses emphasize the development of the student's writing, grammar, and vocabulary skills to better prepare them for college courses and competitive exams.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Aroh Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Vitan Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Antral Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Hindi Antra Syllabus Breakdown:

CBSE Class 12 Maths Syllabus Breakdown:

The major concepts covered in CBSE Syllabus mathematics covered in Class 12 include Probability, Linear Programming, Vectors and 3D Geometry, Algebra, and Calculus.

Calculus comprises the study of derivatives, integrals, and differential equations-all explaining the phenomenon of change and motion. Algebra comprise complex numbers, determinants, and matrices, solving problems, and abstract reasoning. 3D Geometry and Vectors explore vector operations and knowledge about space. Probability introduces advanced theories and distribution. Linear Programming introduces ways of optimizations. 

In view of equipping students for further studies in mathematics, engineering, and allied disciplines, therefore, the syllabus places much emphasis on analytical abilities, logical reasoning, and applications.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus Breakdown:

The CBSE Syllabus class 12 Physics includes Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Modern Physics, and Experimental Skills. 

Capacitance, potential, and electric fields are all covered under Electrostatics. Circuits, electrical measurements, and Ohm's law are all included in Current Electricity. Magnetism investigates materials, forces, and magnetic fields. Optics covers wave optics, interference, and diffraction; Electromagnetic Induction covers Faraday's laws and inductance; and Modern Physics covers quantum mechanics, atomic models, and nuclear physics.

Experiments and data analysis are used in practical work to strengthen theoretical ideas and hone laboratory abilities. Students are prepared for advanced science and engineering courses by the syllabus.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus Breakdown:

The Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry sections make up the CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Chemistry. 

Solutions, equilibrium, redox processes, and electrochemistry are covered in Physical Chemistry, while coordination compounds, transition metals, and the periodic table are covered in Inorganic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry emphasizes reaction processes and functional groups with a focus on biomolecules, environmental chemistry, and hydrocarbons.

The program also includes laboratory exercises and the application of academic information through practical work, such as qualitative and quantitative analysis. Its objectives are to give students a thorough understanding of chemical concepts and to get them ready for advanced study in engineering, chemistry, and related subjects. 

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus Breakdown:

Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Plant Physiology, and Human Physiology are all covered in the CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus. 

Plant reproduction, human reproductive systems, and reproductive health are all included under Reproduction. Heredity, molecular genetics, and evolutionary biology are all covered in Genetics and Evolution. Biology and Human Welfare covers diseases, health, and uses of biotechnology. Plant Physiology is the study of physiological functions such as respiration, photosynthesis, and plant development. A thorough examination of bodily systems such the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems is covered in Human Physiology.

In order to strengthen theoretical ideas and foster scientific inquiry abilities, the curriculum incorporates practical activities, such as experiments and field research.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters:

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus Breakdown:

The CBSE Syllabus Class 12 Economics would cover two broad areas: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. Microeconomics would cover consumer behavior, producer theory, market structures-perfect competition, monopoly-, and welfare economics. It looks at the different ways people and firms make decisions and interact with each other under a wide range of market conditions.

Macroeconomics dwells on larger-scale economic issues, including national income, economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and monetary and fiscal policy. It studies the performance of the economy in general and the influence of government policy on the rate of economic growth and stability.

This course covers the following: data analysis, applications of concepts, and theoretical concepts to equip students for further studies in economics and related disciplines effectively.

Check out the table below for detailed unit-wise chapters: